Our skin – structure and function

The skin is not a passive protective layer, but a highly active organ that is constantly working. It separates our body from the outside world, reacts to heat, cold, touch and pain, and is in constant exchange with the environment. With a surface area of up to two square metres, the skin is the largest organ in the body. Its structure is finely tuned, its functions are interlinked, and even minor disturbances can have noticeable consequences. At Lubex anti-age, we have been studying these interrelationships for many years in order to develop skincare products that support the skin in its natural function.

Table of Content:

The most important facts at a glance

  • The skin is an independent organ with protective, regulatory and sensory functions.
  • The skin consists of several layers that work together.
  • The epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue each fulfil different tasks.
  • The skin's functions range from temperature regulation to defence against external influences.
  • Targeted care helps to maintain these functions in the long term.

The skin as an interface between the body and the environment

Every day, the skin performs a multitude of tasks that usually only become noticeable when something is no longer functioning properly. It protects the body from external influences such as radiation, dirt and microorganisms, while at the same time ensuring that the skin does not lose moisture in an uncontrolled manner. Via finely branched blood vessels and active sweat glands, it helps to regulate body temperature by releasing or retaining heat. At the same time, the skin reacts sensitively to touch, pressure, pain or cold. This feedback is crucial in enabling us to respond appropriately to our environment.

Structure of the skin: more than just a layer

The structure of the skin follows a clear pattern but is much more complex than it appears at first glance. The individual layers of skin are functionally distinct from one another but work closely together. No layer performs its tasks in isolation; rather, the skin's protective and regenerative functions only arise through this interaction. Changes in one layer therefore often affect other areas as well.

Epidermis – the first line of defence

The epidermis, medically referred to as the epidermis, forms the outermost layer of the skin and is in direct contact with the environment. It is composed of densely packed cells, predominantly keratinocytes, which are continuously renewed. These cells form the horny layer, which acts as a natural protective film. The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which are involved in pigment formation and help to defend against UV radiation. Although the epidermis does not contain any blood vessels, it is biologically very active and reacts sensitively to external stimuli.

Dermis – stability and supply

Underneath the epidermis lies the dermis. It consists mainly of firm connective tissue and gives the skin its stability and elasticity. This layer contains blood vessels and lymph vessels, which are responsible for supplying the skin with nutrients. It also contains sebaceous glands, sweat glands and numerous nerve endings. Skin appendages such as hair are also anchored in the dermis. The dermis plays a central role in the perception of pain and temperature and contributes significantly to the skin's resistance.

Subcutaneous tissue (subcutis) – protection and padding

The subcutaneous tissue, also known as the subcutis, forms the deepest layer of the skin. It consists mainly of fatty tissue and loose connective tissue. This layer acts as a cushion against mechanical stress, stores energy and protects against the cold. The subcutis is particularly pronounced in areas subject to heavy stress in order to cushion pressure.

At the same time, it connects the skin to deeper structures of the body.

What is the function of the skin?

Our barrier against the outside world

The skin performs many vital tasks for us. First of all, it protects us from dangerous intruders such as pathogens, chemicals, allergens and sunlight, and also counteracts mechanical influences.

At the same time, it acts as the body's own air conditioning system, preventing us from overheating, cooling down or losing too much water and thus drying out. Its psychological and social function is often unconscious: emotions, body language and physical contact also take place via the skin – for example, ‘blushing’.

If the skin barrier is damaged, intruders can penetrate deep into the skin through the cracks and moisture can escape. The result: our skin dries out and appears wrinkled. Where fat and moisture are lost, the skin becomes dull, wrinkled and often even starts to itch.

Regular application of good quality creams improves the epidermal barrier and thus the skin's resistance to harmful substances or bacteria/fungi and prevents dehydration and irritation.

How is our skin structured? – the functions of the 3 skin layers

Epidermis: The epidermis, or outer layer of the skin, is approximately 2 mm thick. Its topmost layer, known as the stratum corneum, is only 1/100 mm thick and serves as our barrier against the outside world. It is continuously renewed.

Dermis (Corium): Beneath it lies the dermis, rich in elastin or collagen and densely supplied with blood vessels, nerves, and sebaceous glands. It gives the skin its firmness and, with the right treatments, helps preserve its elasticity over time.

Subcutis: Below the dermis lies the subcutis, interwoven with connective tissue and made up primarily of fat cells, which covers the muscles and tendons.

Together, these three skin layers provide excellent protection for the body against moisture, heat, and all other environmental influences. They also regulate moisture balance and help the body excrete sweat and sebum. These functions are absolutely vital. Only healthy skin that is optimally nourished and properly cared for can fully perform them all.

When the skin loses its balance

The skin is exposed to numerous stresses every day, such as UV radiation, mechanical irritants and climatic conditions. If the horny layer is weakened, the skin loses moisture more quickly and reacts more sensitively to external influences. A stable skin structure is therefore crucial to compensate for these challenges. Care that supports the skin in its natural function can help to maintain balance and strengthen the skin's resistance in the long term.

Skin renewal and cell cycle

The skin undergoes a continuous renewal process in which new skin cells form in the epidermis and move to the surface over several weeks. There, they gradually take on protective functions before being shed as part of the stratum corneum. This so-called cell cycle slows down significantly with age, causing dead cells to remain on the surface longer. As a result, the skin appears duller, more uneven and loses its suppleness. Effective skincare can support this natural renewal process by moisturising the skin and stabilising its physiological processes.

The hydrolipid film – the skin's natural protective layer

The skin's surface is covered by a fine film of water and lipids, known as the hydrolipid film. It is formed from sebaceous gland secretions, sweat and the skin's own lipids and acts as the first line of defence against external influences. At the same time, it helps to maintain a slightly acidic environment that inhibits the growth of unwanted microorganisms. If this protective layer is out of balance, the skin often feels dry, tight or irritated. Skin-physiologically balanced care supports the preservation of this film without disturbing or overloading it.

Skin ageing: intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Skin ageing is a complex process that is influenced by both genetic factors and external influences. While intrinsic factors such as the natural decline in cell activity and the decrease in structural proteins are unavoidable, extrinsic influences such as UV radiation, environmental pollution or lifestyle factors significantly accelerate these processes. Among other things, they lead to oxidative stress, loss of structure and a weakening of the skin barrier.

Targeted anti-ageing care therefore focuses not only on visible smoothing, but also on the long-term preservation of skin functions.

Microcirculation and skin care

A functioning microcirculation is essential for supplying the skin with oxygen and nutrients and for removing metabolic waste products. With increasing age or chronic stress, this blood circulation can decrease, resulting in a dull complexion and slowed regeneration. Although skincare products do not directly influence blood circulation, a well-hydrated and intact skin structure can support the physiological supply processes and thus contribute to a more vital complexion.

Role of connective tissue in firmness and elasticity

The connective tissue of the dermis forms the supporting framework of the skin. Collagen fibres provide firmness, elastin provides elasticity, while hyaluronic acid binds large amounts of water and adds volume. With age, the formation of these structural components decreases, while their breakdown accelerates. This results in a loss of elasticity and the formation of wrinkles. Effective skincare addresses this by supporting the skin's moisture balance and creating an environment in which the skin structure remains stable for as long as possible.

Skin types and their different needs

Every skin is unique and reacts differently to external influences and skincare products. While dry skin is more prone to moisture loss, sensitive skin reacts more quickly to irritants, and mature skin shows increased structural changes. These differences result from genetic factors, environmental conditions, and the current condition of the skin. Differentiated care takes these special characteristics into account and specifically adapts the texture, selection of active ingredients and intensity to the respective needs.

Recognising signs of weakened skin function early on

Weakened skin often shows subtle warning signs long before visible skin problems arise. Tightness, fine flaking, increased irritability, or rough skin can be indications that the barrier function and moisture balance are impaired. If these signs are ignored, the skin's appearance can deteriorate in the long term. Well-tolerated skincare applied at an early stage helps to restore the skin's balance and prevent further reactions.

Prevention instead of repair

The skin benefits particularly from continuous, preventive care. Instead of waiting for visible signs of skin ageing to appear, it makes sense to support the skin's functions at an early stage and compensate for stress. Preventive care strengthens the skin structure, maintains its barrier function, and helps to slow down the ageing process. This approach is more effective in the long term and gentler on the skin than corrective measures taken at a later stage.

Dermatological care with high standards from Lubex anti-age

Our care concepts are based on a deep understanding of the structure of the skin and its biological processes. We develop formulations that specifically address the needs of different skin types and are well tolerated. High-quality textures, dermatological testing and a clear focus on skin health are at the heart of our approach. The aim is not to overwhelm the skin, but to strengthen its own function.

Active ingredient transport into the skin through optimal formulation of ingredients

In order for skincare products to be effective, their ingredients must reach the outer layers of the skin. The skin barrier is a natural hurdle that only certain substances can pass through. Therefore, it is not only the active ingredient that is crucial, but also its embedding in a suitable formulation.

We pay attention to sophisticated galenics, which ensure that active ingredients remain stable, are evenly distributed and reach the skin optimally without irritating it.

Your advantages with Lubex anti-age

Lubex anti-age stands for dermatologically sound anti-ageing skin care from Switzerland by permamed – developed with precision, experience and a deep understanding of the needs of demanding skin. The effectiveness of our products is based on clearly defined care principles:

  • Supporting skin renewal
  • Strengthening the skin barrier
  • Protecting against premature skin ageing

Lubex anti-age formulations are clinically tested and proven to be effective against the visible signs of skin ageing. At the same time, they help the skin to maintain its natural vitality and specifically prevent premature ageing processes.

Treatment for every skin type: Discover anti-ageing treatments tailored to different skin types. Lubex anti-age day and night care specifically addresses different skin needs and protects the skin during the day and regenerates it at night.

Ritual steps: The Lubex anti-age beauty ritual has been proven to be effective and sustainable against skin ageing and makes the skin appear fresher and more youthful. Choose the care steps that suit your skin, your everyday life and your personal well-being.

Trust in clinically and dermatologically tested effectiveness, high tolerability and care that supports your skin – for visibly fresher, smoother and more resilient skin. Discover your optimal skin care in the Lubex anti-age online shop.

FAQ

What layers is the skin made of?

The skin consists of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutis (subcutaneous tissue).

The epidermis forms the outer protective barrier and continuously renews itself.

The dermis contains collagen, elastin, blood vessels, and nerve endings, providing stability and elasticity.

The subcutis acts as a cushion, energy reserve, and thermal insulation layer.

The coordinated interaction of these layers enables protection, regeneration, and moisture regulation.

How does the skin barrier work?

The skin barrier primarily consists of the outermost layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum) and the hydrolipid film – a fine mixture of water and lipids on the skin’s surface. It prevents harmful substances and microorganisms from penetrating the skin while simultaneously reducing transepidermal water loss. If this barrier becomes compromised, the skin may feel dry, sensitive, or irritated. Targeted skincare helps stabilise and strengthen the barrier function, supporting long-term skin resilience.

How long does it take for the skin to renew itself?

In younger skin, the natural cell turnover cycle takes approximately 28 days. With increasing age, this renewal process slows down significantly. As a result, dead skin cells remain longer on the surface, which can cause the complexion to appear dull and uneven. Effective skincare supports this physiological renewal process by maintaining hydration and stabilising the skin’s natural functions.

Why does the skin become thinner with age?

As we age, the production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid in the dermis gradually decreases. At the same time, overall cellular activity slows down. This leads to reduced skin density, loss of firmness, and decreased elasticity. External factors such as UV radiation and environmental stressors can further accelerate this process. A preventive anti-ageing approach therefore focuses not only on surface smoothing, but on supporting the skin’s structure and maintaining its natural functions over time.

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